18.2. Literaturverzeichnis

18.2.1. ♛ Leitlinien

♛ ASA Airway 2022

2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway by Jeffrey L Apfelbaum et al. Anesthesiology. 2022 Jan 1;136(1):31-81. https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000004002

DMV was reported in 5% of the patients.

♛ ASA NMB 2023

2023 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Monitoring and Antagonism of Neuromuscular Blockade: A Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Neuromuscular Blockade by Stephan R. Thilen et al. Anesthesiology. 2023;138:13–41. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000004379

♛ ASE TEE 2013

Guidelines for Performing a Comprehensive Transesophageal Echocardiographic Examination: Recommendations from the American Society of Echocardiography and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists by Rebecca T. Hahn et al. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2013;26:921-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2013.07.009

♛ ECMM 2025 Candidiasis

Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of candidiasis: an initiative of the ECMM in cooperation with ISHAM and ASM by Oliver A Cornely et al. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2025;25:e280–e293. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00749-7

♛ ERC 2025 ALS

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025 Adult Advanced Life Support by J. Soar et al. Resuscitation, 2025(215):110769. Elsevier BV, DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110769

♛ ERC 2025 BLS

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025 Adult Basic Life Support by M. A. Smyth et al. Resuscitation, 2025(215):110771. Elsevier BV, DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110771

♛ ERC 2025 Edu

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025 Education for Resuscitation by S. Nabecker et al. Resuscitation, 2025(215):110739. Elsevier BV, DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110739

♛ ERC 2025 Epid

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025 Epidemiology in Resuscitation by E. Baldi et al. Resuscitation, 2025(215):110733. Elsevier BV, DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110733

♛ ERC 2025 Ethics

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025 Ethics in Resuscitation by V. Raffay et al. Resuscitation, 2025(215):110734. Elsevier BV, DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110734

♛ ERC 2025 ExSum

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025 Executive Summary by R. Greif et al. Resuscitation, 2025(215):110770. Elsevier BV, DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110770

♛ ERC 2025 First Aid

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025 First Aid by T. Djärv et al. Resuscitation, 2025(215):110752. Elsevier BV, DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110752

♛ ERC 2025 Newborn

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025 Newborn Resuscitation and Support of Transition of Infants at Birth by M. Hogeveen et al. Resuscitation, 2025(215):110766. Elsevier BV, DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110766

♛ ERC 2025 PLS

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025 Paediatric Life Support by J. Djakow et al. Resuscitation, 2025(215):110767. Elsevier BV, DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110767

♛ ERC 2025 Special

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025 Special Circumstances in Resuscitation by C. Lott et al. Resuscitation, 2025(215):110753. Elsevier BV, DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110753

♛ ERC 2025 System

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025 System Saving Lives by F. Semeraro et al. Resuscitation, 2025(215):110821. Elsevier BV, DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110821

♛ ESA PeriOpFastening 2011

Perioperative fasting in adults and children: guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology by Smith, I.; Kranke, P. et al. European journal of anaesthesiology, 2011, 28, 556-69. PMID: 21712716. DOI: 10.1097/EJA.0b013e3283495ba1

The key recommendations are that adults and children should be encouraged to drink clear fluids up to 2 h before elective surgery (including caesarean section) and all but one member of the guidelines group consider that tea or coffee with milk added (up to about one fifth of the total volume) are still clear fluids. Solid food should be prohibited for 6 h before elective surgery in adults and children, although patients should not have their operation cancelled or delayed just because they are chewing gum, sucking a boiled sweet or smoking immediately prior to induction of anaesthesia. These recommendations also apply to patients with obesity, gastro-oesophageal reflux and diabetes and pregnant women not in labour. There is insufficient evidence to recommend the routine use of antacids, metoclopramide or H2-receptor antagonists before elective surgery in non-obstetric patients, but an H2-receptor antagonist should be given before elective caesarean section, with an intravenous H2-receptor antagonist given prior to emergency caesarean section, supplemented with 30 ml of 0.3 mol l(-1) sodium citrate if general anaesthesia is planned. Infants should be fed before elective surgery. Breast milk is safe up to 4 h and other milks up to 6 h. Thereafter, clear fluids should be given as in adults. The guidelines also consider the safety and possible benefits of preoperative carbohydrates and offer advice on the postoperative resumption of oral intake.

♛ ESAIC NMB 2023

Peri-operative management of neuromuscular blockade: A guideline from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care by Thomas Fuchs-Buder et al. European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 2023;40:82–94. https://doi.org/10.1097/EJA.0000000000001769

♛ ESC NSTEMI 2020/21

2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. by J.-P. Collet et al. European heart journal, 2021(42):1289-1367. PMID: 32860058, DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa575

♛ ESC STEMI 2017

2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). by B. Ibanez et al. European heart journal, 2018(39):119-177. PMID: 28886621, DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393

♛ ESCMID-ECMM-ERS Aspergillus 2017

Diagnosis and management of Aspergillus diseases: executive summary of the 2017 ESCMID-ECMM-ERS guideline by A.J. Ullmann et al. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2018;24:e1–e38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2018.01.002

♛ ESMO Cancer Pain 2018

Management of cancer pain in adult patients: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines by Fallon M. et al. Ann Oncol. 2018;29(Suppl 4):iv166–iv191. PMID: 30052758 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy152

ESMO-Leitlinie zur Tumorschmerztherapie mit Angaben zu Opioidrotation, oralen Äquivalenzdosen und der Umstellung zwischen oralem und parenteralem Morphin.

♛ ÖGARI Gerinnungsevaluierung 2024

Empfehlung der Arbeitsgruppe Perioperative Gerinnung der ÖGARI zum Thema: Präoperative/präinterventionelle Anamnese-basierte Gerinnungsevaluierung. Österreichische Gesellschaft für Anaesthesiologie, Reanimation und Intensivmedizin (ÖGARI), 2024. https://www.oegari.at/web_files/cms_daten/empfehlung_agpg_perioperative_anamnese-basierte_gerinnungsevaluierung_version_2___2024.pdf

♛ ÖGARI Gerinnung RA 2024

Empfehlung der Arbeitsgruppe Perioperative Gerinnung der ÖGARI zum Thema: Regionalanästhesie unter Gerinnungshemmung. Österreichische Gesellschaft für Anaesthesiologie, Reanimation und Intensivmedizin (ÖGARI), 2024. https://www.oegari.at/web_files/cms_daten/empfehlung_der_arbeitsgruppe_perioperative_gerinnung_der_ogari_zum_thema_regionalanasthesie_unter_gerinnungshemmung.pdf

♛ ÖGARI RA-Neuro 2021

Empfehlung der ARGE Regionalanästhesie für das Vorgehen bei Verdacht auf perioperative Nervenläsionen der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Anästhesie, Reanimation und Intensivmedizin (ÖGARI), ARGE Regionalanästhesie. 2021. https://www.oegari.at/web_files/cms_daten/arge_ns_2021.pdf

♛ S1 Atemweg 2015

S1-Leitlinie Atemwegsmanagement by T. Piepho et al. Anaesthesist 2015 64:859–873. AWMF-Register Nr.: 001/028. DOI 10.1007/s00101-015-0087-6 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00101-015-0087-6

♛ S1 Prähosp Atemweg 2019

S1-Leitlinie Prähospitales Atemwegsmanagement der Deutsche Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin e.V. (DGAI) et al. AWMF-Register Nr.: 001-040. https://register.awmf.org/assets/guidelines/001-040l_S1_Praehospitales-Atemwegsmanagement_2019-03_1.pdf

♛ S1 Malaria 2025

S1-Leitlinie Diagnostik und Therapie der Malaria. Stand: 30.04.2025. AWMF 042-001: https://register.awmf.org/de/leitlinien/detail/042-001.

♛ S1 RM-RA Antikoag 2021

S1-Leitlinie Rückenmarknahe Regionalanästhesien und Thromboembolieprophylaxe / antithrombotische Medikation der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin e.V. (DGAI) et al. AWMF-Register Nr.: 001 - 005. https://register.awmf.org/assets/guidelines/001-005l_S1_Rueckenmarksnahe-Regionalanaesthesien-Thrombembolieprophylaxe-antithrombotische-Medikation_2021-10_1.pdf

♛ S2k Anaphylaxie 2021

Leitlinie zu Akuttherapie und Management der Anaphylaxie - Update 2021: S2k-Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allergologie und klinische Immunologie (DGAKI) et al. AWMF-Registernummer 061-025. https://register.awmf.org/de/leitlinien/detail/061-025

♛ S2k PPH 2022

S2k-Leitlinie Peripartale Blutungen, Diagnostik und Therapie der Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe e.V. (DGGG). Version 3.2, Stand 01.08.2022. AWMF-Registernummer 015-063. https://register.awmf.org/de/leitlinien/detail/015-063

♛ S3 Asthma 2024

S3-Leitlinie Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Asthma. AWMF Registernummer nvl - 002. https://register.awmf.org/de/leitlinien/detail/nvl-002

♛ S3 LONTS

S3-Leitlinie Langzeitanwendung von Opioiden bei chronischen nicht-tumorbedingten Schmerzen (LONTS) AWMF-Register 145-003, 2020. https://register.awmf.org/de/leitlinien/detail/145-003

♛ S3 Sepsis 2025

S3-Leitlinie Sepsis – Prävention, Diagnose, Therapie und Nachsorge – Update 2025 by F. M. Brunkhorst et al. Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin, 2025, Springer. DOI: 10.1007/s00063-025-01317-1

♛ S3 Volumentherapie 2020

S3-Leitlinie Intravasale Volumentherapie bei Erwachsenen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin (DGAI) et al. AWMF, Registernummer: 001-020, 2020. https://register.awmf.org/de/leitlinien/detail/001-020

♛ SurvSepsisCpg 2021

Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. By: Evans, L., Rhodes, A., Alhazzani, W. et al. Intensive Care Med 47, 1181–1247 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-021-06506-y

♛ SurvSepsisCpg 2026

Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2026 by Hallie C. Prescott et al. Intensive Care Medicine. 2026;52:863–936. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-026-08361-1

18.2.2. ⚖ Rechts- und Behördenquellen

⚖ ÖSG 2017 TXT

Österreichischer Strukturplan Gesundheit, Textband gemäß Beschluss der Bundes-Zielsteuerungskommission vom 30. Juni 2017. Bundesministerium für Soziales, Gesundheit, Pflege und Konsumentenschutz (BMSGPK). Stubenring 1, A-1010 Wien. Wien, Oktober 2022. ISBN 978-3-903099-27-2. https://goeg.at/sites/goeg.at/files/inline-files/ÖSG_2017_-_Textband%2C_Stand_07.10.2022.pdf

⚖ ÖSG 2017 Tab

Österreichischer Strukturplan Gesundheit, Tabellenband gemäß Beschluss der Bundes-Zielsteuerungskommission vom 30. Juni 2017. Bundesministerium für Soziales, Gesundheit, Pflege und Konsumentenschutz (BMSGPK). Stubenring 1, A-1010 Wien. Wien, Oktober 2022. ISBN 978-3-903099-27-2. https://goeg.at/sites/goeg.at/files/inline-files/ÖSG_2017_-_Tabellenband%2C_Stand_07.10.2022.pdf

18.2.3. ⚙ Normen

18.2.4. Sekundärliteratur

🕮 Argelander 2009

Das Erstinterview in der Psychotherapie. by Argelander, Hermann. 1. Auflage, 2009. WBG – Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.

🕮 Battegay 2

Handwörterbuch der Psychiatrie von Battegay, Raymond (HG). 2. Auflage, 1992. Ferdinand Enke Verlag.

🕮 Bengel 2

Psychologie in Notfallmedizin Und Rettungsdienst von Bengel, J. (HG) 2. Auflage, 2004. Springer.

🕮 Bergner 9

Burn-Out Bei Ärzten: Lebensaufgabe Statt Lebens-Aufgabe von Bergner, Thomas. 9. Auflage, 2004.

🕮 Biergans Wundversorgung 2

Wundversorgung für die Pflege: Ein Praxisbuch by Anette Vasel-Biergans und Wiltrud Probst. 2. Auflage, 2011. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft Stuttgart.

🕮 Burisch 1994

Das Burnout-Syndrom – Theorie der inneren Erschöpfung von Burisch, M. 1. Auflage, 1994. Springer.

🕮 Burisch 2006

by Burisch. Das Burnout-Syndrom – Theorie der inneren Erschöpfung 3. Auflage, 2006. Springer.

🕮 Dahmer GF 5

Gesprächsführung – Eine Praktische Anleitung von Dahmer, Hella und Jürgen Dahmer: 2003. 5. Auflage, Thieme.

🕮 DavisonKlinPsy 1988

Klinische Psychologie. by Davison, G. C. und J. M. Neale, eds: 1988. PVU.

🕮 EcgEmergencyDec 2

The Ecg in Emergency Decision Making by Wells, Hein J. J. and Mary Conover 2nd ed. 2006. Saunders Elsevier.

🕮 Frieling 2

Lehrbuch Arbeitspsychologie von Frieling und Sonntag (HG). 2. Auflage, 1999. Huber.

🕮 Grassberger 1

Todesermittlung von Grassberger, Martin und Harald Schmid. 1. Auflage, 2009. Springer.

🕮 Heck KM AN 2

Klinikmanual Anästhesie von Heck M, Fresenius M, Busch C. \2. Auflage. Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-55440-7_48. PMCID: PMC7123912.

🕮 Hochmeister 2

Forensische Medizin für Studium und Praxis by Manfred Hochmeister, Martin Grassberger und Thomas Stimpfl. 2. Auflage, 2007. Maudrich.

🕮 Kaindl 7

Elektro-Komiko-Graphie by Kaindl, F. und P. Kühn. 7. Auflage, 1997. Maudrich.

🕮 Kirschnick 2

by Kirschnick, Olaf. Pflegetechniken von a – Z. Schritt Für Schrittin Wort Und Bild. 2. Auflage, 2003. Thieme.

🕮 Lippert 4

Die Lateinische Diagnose in Der Unfallchirurgie und ihren Grenzgebieten von Lippert, Désirée. 4. Auflage, 2010. Allgemeine Unfallversicheurngsanstalt Wien (AUVA). http://www.auva.at/mediaDB/704539_Lateinische_Diagnose.pdf.

🕮 NBK500032

Physiology, Glomerular Filtration Rate by Daniel P. Kaufman et al. StatPearls. 2023;. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500032/

🕮 OeBB Einsatz Gleis 2023

Einsatz im ÖBB-Gleisbereich von ÖBB-Infrastruktur AG, 1020 Wien, Praterstern 3. Im Selbstverlag der ÖBB-Infrastruktur AG. Version 2a vom 09.06.2023. https://infrastruktur.oebb.at/de/dam/jcr:f769c34e-6bd8-4e34-afc7-e76192eedb06/infra-handbuch-einsatz-im-gleisbereich-oebb.pdf

🕮 Pschyrembel 259

Pschyrembel Klinisches Wörterbuch by Pschyrembel, Willibald (HG.) 259. Auflage, 2002. de Gruyter.

🕮 Schabus 1

Das Knie. Der Ratgeber für das Verletzte Knie: by Diagnostik - Therapie - Rehabilitation bei Verletzungen des Kniegelenks von Schabus, Rudolf und Elisabeth Bosina. 1. Auflage, 2007. Springer, Wien.

🕮 Thun 1981

Störungen und Klärungen. Allgemeine Psychologie der Kommunikation. by Thun, Friedemann Schulz von. Bd. 1 aus der Serie Miteinander Reden. 46. Auflage, 1981. Differentielle Psychologie der Kommunikation. rororo.

🕮 Thun 1989

Stile, Werte Und Persönlichkeitsentwicklung. Differentielle Psychologie Der Kommunikation. von Thun, Friedemann Schulz von. Bd. 2. aus der Serie Miteinander Reden. 30. Auflage, 1989. rororo.

🕮 Thun 2010

Das “Innere Team” und situationsgerechte Kommunikation. Differentielle Psychologie der Kommunikation. von Thun, Friedemann Schulz von. Bd. 3. aus der Serie Miteinander Reden. 19. Auflage, 2010. rororo.

18.2.5. 🗎 Primär- und sonstige Literatur

🗎 Abrishami 2025

The Role of Preemptive Perioperative Analgesia in Prevention of Chronic Phantom Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis by Abrishami R. et al. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2025;39:92. PMID: 41089633 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.39.92

Systematische Übersichtsarbeit mit geringer Evidenzsicherheit; für Ketamin und mehrere andere perioperative Pharmakotherapien ergab sich kein überzeugender Nachweis einer langfristigen Phantomschmerzprävention.

🗎 Adams 1996

by Adams, Douglas The Ultimate Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy. 1996. Wings Books.

🗎 ADR 2011

by Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Inland Transport, ed. 2010. European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road. United Nations. http://live.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/adr/adr2011/11contentse.html.

🗎 Anderson 2019

Food, fads, allergies and anaphylaxis with propofol. By Anderson BJet al. Anaesthesia 2019; 74: 1223–1226. DOI: 10.1111/anae.14749

🗎 Andriolo 2015

Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients by Brenda N G Andriolo et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015 Jan 12;1(1):CD007271. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd007271.pub3

🗎 Antonovsky Salutogenese

Salutogenese: by Zur Entmystifizierung der Gesundheit. by Antonovsky, A. 1997, Tübingen. Dgvt-Verl.

🗎 ASA 2003

Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway: An Updated Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Management of the Difficult Airway by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Difficult Airway Management. Anesthesiology May 2003, Vol. 98, 1269–1277. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200305000-00032

🗎 Asai 2005

The Laryngeal Tube. by Asai, T. and K. Shingu. Br J Anaesth 2005:95(6), 10-15, 729–36. doi:10.1093/bja/aei269.

🗎 Asai 2005b

Appropriate cuff volumes of the Laryngeal Tube. by Takashi Asai and Koh Shingu. Anaesthesia, 2005;60(5):486–489. PMID: 15819769, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.04107.x

🗎 Barrachina 2016

Barrachina, B.; Lopez-Picado, A. et al.: Tranexamic Acid Compared with Placebo for Reducing Total Blood Loss in Hip Replacement Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2016, 122, 986-95.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces bleeding in patients undergoing hip replacement surgery, but optimal doses and timing have yet to be established. Our primary objective in this study was to assess total blood loss 48 hours after surgery with different regimens.

CONCLUSIONS: A single preoperative dose of TXA or 2 infusions of a lower dose, preoperatively and then after 3 hours after the start of surgery, resulted in lower blood loss during the first 2 days after surgery and less need for blood transfusion, with good levels of safety.

🗎 BASG Metamizol 2024

Mitteilung des Bundesamtes für Sicherheit im Gesundheitswesen über Maßnahmen zur Gewährleistung der Arzneimittelsicherheit: Wichtige Information des Bundesamtes für Sicherheit im Gesundheitswesen über wichtige Maßnahmen zur Minimierung der schwerwiegenden Folgen des bekannten Risikos einer Agranulozytose beim Wirkstoff Metamizol. Bundesamt für Sicherheit im Gesundheitswesen. 12.12.2024. https://www.basg.gv.at/fileadmin/redakteure/06_Gesundheitsberufe/DHPC/2024/241212_Metamizol.pdf

Patienten, die mit Metamizol behandelt werden, müssen über Folgendes informiert werden: Frühsymptome einer möglichen Agranulozytose beinhalten Fieber, Schüttelfrost, Halsschmerzen und schmerzhafte Schleimhautveränderungen, insbesondere im Mund-, Nasen- und Rachenraum oder im Genital- oder Analbereich Eine routinemäßige Überwachung des Blutbildes bei Patienten, die mit metamizolhaltigen Arzneimitteln behandelt werden, wird nicht mehr empfohlen.

🗎 Baulig 2008

In vitro evaluation of the CeVOX continuous central venous oxygenation monitoring system by Baulig, W. et al. Anaesthesia, 63(4), 412–417. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05376.x

🗎 Bergman 2009

Myocardial FFA metabolism during rest and atrial pacing in humans by Bryan C. Bergman et al. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2009;296:E358–E366. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.90747.2008

Coronary sinus blood flow 196 ml/min ±34

🗎 Bernhard 2012

Developing the Skill of Endotracheal Intubation: by Implication for Emergency Medicine. by Bernhard, M., S. Mohr, M. A. Weigand, E. Martin and A. Walther. 2012. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 56 (2). Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Germany. mailto:michelbernhard@gmx.de: by 164–71. doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02547.x.

🗎 Beneker 2004

Die Präklinische Versorgung von Verbrennungspatienten. by Beneker, J. und D. Martens. Intensivmedizin Und Notfallmedizin 2004:41(8), 543–54. doi:10.1007/s00390-004-0515-3.

🗎 Bellomo 2000

Low-dose dopamine in patients with early renal dysfunction: a placebo-controlled randomised trial by Rinaldo Bellomo et al. Lancet. 2000 Dec;356(9248):2139-2143. PMID: 11191541. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03495-4

In critically ill patients with early renal dysfunction, low-dose dopamine did not improve renal function, reduce the need for renal replacement therapy, or improve survival.

🗎 Bernhard 2014

Prehospital airway management using the laryngeal tube. An emergency department point of view. by M. Bernhard et al. Der Anaesthesist, 2014;63(7):589–596. PMID: 24981153, DOI: 10.1007/s00101-014-2348-1

🗎 BmgEbolaFalldefinition 20141028

EU-Falldefinition einer Ebola-Viruserkrankung (Ebola Virus Disease - Evd). Von Bundesministerium für Gesundheit. 2014a. Bundesministerium für Gesundheit; online. October. http://www.bmg.gv.at/cms/home/attachments/8/5/4/CH1082/CMS1412756859685/fall_definition_ebola.pdf.

🗎 BmgEbolaFactsheet 20141103

Informationsblatt Zu Ebola. Von 2014b. Bundesministerium für Gesundheit; online. November. http://www.bmg.gv.at/cms/home/attachments/2/1/6/CH1075/CMS1413795509746/ebola_factsheet.pdf.

🗎 Bonnin 1993

Distinct criteria for termination of resuscitation in the out-of-hospital setting. by M. J. Bonnin et al. JAMA, 1993(270):1457-1462. PMID: 8204131, DOI: 10.1001/jama.1993.03510120079035

🗎 Buckley 2011

Hyperbaric oxygen for carbon monoxide poisoning. by N. A. Buckley et al. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2011(2011):CD002041. PMID: 21491385, DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002041.pub3

Existing randomised trials do not establish whether the administration of HBO to patients with carbon monoxide poisoning reduces the incidence of adverse neurologic outcomes.

🗎 Casey 2026

Ketamine or Etomidate for Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults by Jonathan D. Casey et al. New England Journal of Medicine. 2026;394:1608–1620. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2511420

Among critically ill adults undergoing tracheal intubation, the use of ketamine to induce anesthesia did not result in a significantly lower incidence of in-hospital death by day 28 than etomidate.

Citation needed

Citation needed

🗎 Chang 1987

Chang, J. C.: How to differentiate neoplastic fever from infectious fever in patients with cancer: usefulness of the naproxen test. Heart & lung : the journal of critical care, 1987, 16, 122-7

🗎 Chauhan 2016

Nasal intubation: A comprehensive review. by Chauhan V, Acharya G. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2016 Nov;20(11):662-667. doi: 10.4103/0972-5229.194013. PMID: 27994382; PMCID: PMC5144529.

🗎 Chen 2013

Low-dose dopamine or low-dose nesiritide in acute heart failure with renal dysfunction: the ROSE acute heart failure randomized trial by Horng H. Chen et al. JAMA. 2013 Dec 18;310(23):2533-2543. PMID: 24247300. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.282190

In patients with acute heart failure and renal dysfunction, low-dose dopamine added to diuretic therapy did not improve decongestion or preserve renal function.

🗎 Chemsian 2014

Videolaryngoscopy. by Chemsian R, Bhananker S, Ramaiah R. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci. 2014 Jan;4(1):35-41. doi: 10.4103/2229-5151.128011. PMID: 24741496; PMCID: PMC3982369.

🗎 Choi 2005

Value of gastrografin in adhesive small bowel obstruction after unsuccessful conservative treatment: a prospective evaluation. by Hok-Kwok Choi et al. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Jun 28;11(24):3742-5. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i24.3742. PMID: 15968731; PMCID: PMC4316027.

The use of gastrografin in adhesive small bowel obstruction after unsuccessful conservative treatment is safe and reduces the need for surgical intervention.

🗎 Cobas 2009

Prehospital intubations and mortality: a level 1 trauma center perspective. by M. A. Cobas et al. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2009(109):489-493. PMID: 19608824, DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181aa3063

🗎 CRASH-3

Effects of tranexamic acid on death, disability, vascular occlusive events and other morbidities in patients with acute traumatic brain injury (CRASH-3): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial by The CRASH-3 trial collaborators. Lancet 2019; 394: 1713–23 Published Online, October 14, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32233-0

🗎 Curran-Everett 2006

A classic learning opportunity from Fenn, Rahn, and Otis (1946): the alveolar gas equation by Curran-Everett D. Advan in Physiol Edu. 2006 Jun ;30(2):58-62. doi: 10.1152/advan.00076.2005.

🗎 Cuthbertson 2009

The effects of etomidate on adrenal responsiveness and mortality in patients with septic shock. by Cuthbertson et al. Intensive Care Medicine. 2009:35, 1868—1876. doi:10.1007/s00134-009-1603-4.

🗎 Cutler 2009

Investigation of the first cases of human-to-human infection with the new swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in Canada. by J. Cutler et al. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l’Association medicale canadienne, 2009(181):159-163. PMID: 19620268, DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.090859

🗎 Damman 2017

2015 ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: comments from the Dutch ACS working group. by Damman, P.; van ‚t Hof, A. W. et al. Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation, 2017, 25, 181-185.

🗎 Davydow 2009a

Davydow, D. S.; Katon, W. J. & Zatzick, D. F.: Psychiatric morbidity and functional impairments in survivors of burns, traumatic injuries, and ICU stays for other critical illnesses: a review of the literature. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 2009, 21, 531-538.

We found that PTSD and depressive symptoms are quite prevalent in these patient groups. We also examined potential risk factors for psychiatric morbidity and impaired function in all three patient groups, and conclude that patient-specific and acute care factors, in addition to early post-acute care psychiatric symptoms, may convey risk for subsequent psychopathology and diminished function.

🗎 Davydow 2009b

Davydow, D. S.; Zatzick, D. F. et a.: Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and return to usual major activity in traumatically injured intensive care unit survivors. General hospital psychiatry, 2009, 31, 428-435.

Approximately 25% of ICU survivors had symptoms suggestive of PTSD. Increased early post-ICU distress predicted both PTSD and diminished usual major activity. Pulmonary artery catheter insertion [risk ratio (RR) 1.28, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.05-1.57, P=.01] and pre-ICU depression (RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.02-1.49, P=.03) were associated with PTSD. Longer ICU lengths of stay (RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.03-1.44, P=.02) and tracheostomy (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.05-1.59, P=.01) were associated with diminished usual activity. Greater preexisting medical comorbidities were associated with PTSD and limited return to usual activity.

🗎 Davydow 2009c

Davydow, D. S.; Gifford, J. M. et al.: Depression in general intensive care unit survivors: a systematic review. Intensive care medicine, 2009, 35, 796-809.

The median point prevalence of “clinically significant” depressive symptoms was 28% (total n = 1,213). Neither sex nor age were consistent risk factors for post-ICU depression, and severity of illness at ICU admission was consistently not a risk factor. Early post-ICU depressive symptoms were a strong risk factor for subsequent depressive symptoms. Post-ICU depressive symptoms were associated with substantially lower HRQOL. Depressive symptoms are common in general ICU survivors and negatively impact HRQOL. Future studies should address how factors related to individual patients, critical illness and post-ICU recovery are associated with depression in ICU survivors.

🗎 Davydow 2009d

Davydow, D. S. & Zatzick, D. F.: Surviving critical illness is not without its perils: a perspective on depression in acute lung injury survivors. Critical care medicine, 2009, 37, 1817-1818.

🗎 Davydow 2010

Davydow, D. S.; Richardson, L. P. et al.: Psychiatric morbidity in pediatric critical illness survivors: a comprehensive review of the literature. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 2010, 164, 377-385.

To review the prevalence of psychiatric syndromes in pediatric critical illness survivors as well as to summarize data on vulnerabilities and pediatric intensive care unit exposures that may increase risk of developing these syndromes. MEDLINE (1966-2009), the Cochrane Library (2009, issue 3), and PsycINFO (1967-2009) as of August 9, 2009. Case-control, cross-sectional, prospective cohort and retrospective cohort studies as well as randomized controlled trials. Hospitalization for the treatment of a critical illness. Assessments of psychiatric symptoms/disorders at least once after discharge. Seventeen studies were eligible. The most commonly assessed psychiatric disorders were posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression. Psychiatric morbidity appears to be a substantial problem for pediatric critical illness survivors.

🗎 De Backer 2018

Daniel De Backer and Jean-Louis Vincent: Should we measure the central venous pressure to guide fluid management? Ten answers to 10 questions. Crit Care. 2018; 22: 43. https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13054-018-1959-3

🗎 De Backer 2010

Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock by Daniel De Backer et al. N Engl J Med. 2010 Mar 4;362(9):779-789. PMID: 20200382. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0907118

Dopamine was associated with significantly more arrhythmic events than norepinephrine, without a significant difference in overall 28-day mortality. In the predefined subgroup of patients with cardiogenic shock, dopamine was associated with increased mortality.

🗎 Dengler 2011

Prehospital Airway Management of Laryngeal Tubes. Should the Laryngeal Tube S with Gastric Drain Tube Be Preferred in Emergency Medicine? by Dengler, V. et al. Anaesthesist 2011. 60 (2). doi:10.1007/s00101-010-1774-y.

🗎 DerPhy

Deranged Physiology by Alex Yartsev. https://derangedphysiology.com/

🗎 Devlin 2018

Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption in Adult Patients in the ICU by Devlin JW. et al. Crit Care Med. 2018;46(9):e825–e873. PMID: 30113379 DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000003299

PADIS-Leitlinie zur Prävention, Diagnostik und Therapie von Schmerz, Sedierung, Delir, Immobilität und Schlafstörungen bei erwachsenen Intensivpatienten.

🗎 Drotarova 2023

Basic Principles of Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM (®)) and the Role of ROTEM-Guided Fibrinogen Replacement Therapy in the Management of Coagulopathies. by M. Drotarova et al. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2023(13). PMID: 37892040, DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203219

🗎 Edwards 2005

Edwards P et al.: Final results of MRC CRASH. Lancet 2005:1957.

🗎 Eisenburger 2008

by Eisenburger, P., C. Havel, F. Sterz, T. Uray, A. Zeiner, M. Haugk, H. Losert, A. N. Laggner and H. Herkner. Transport with Ongoing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation May Not Be Futile. Br J Anaesth 2008:101 (4).: by 518–22. doi:10.1093/bja/aen209.

🗎 Eismann 2019

Impact of the laryngeal tube as supraglottic airway device on blood flow of the internal carotid artery in patients undergoing general anaesthesia. by Hendrik Eismann et al. Resuscitation, 2019;138:141–145. PMID: 30885823, DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.03.010

🗎 EkgOnline

EKG Online. Webseite http://www.ekg-online.de.

🗎 Ely 2001

Delirium in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: Validity and Reliability of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) by Ely EW. et al. JAMA. 2001;286(21):2703–2710. PMID: 11730446 DOI: 10.1001/jama.286.21.2703

Validierungsstudie des CAM-ICU als Instrument zur standardisierten Delirdiagnostik bei mechanisch beatmeten Intensivpatienten.

🗎 Engelmann 2014

“Tarragona-Strategie”: Adäquate Antibiotikatherapie auf der Intensivstation by Lothar Engelmann et al. Wiener klinisches Magazin. 2014;17:24–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00740-014-0027-0

🗎 Enne 2012

Notkompetenzen in Österreich: Der aktuelle Stand zehn Jahre nach Einführung des Sanitätergesetzes by A. Enne. Rettungsdienst, 2012(7):43—45.

🗎 ERC 2021 01

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Executive summary by G. D. Perkins et al. Resuscitation, 2021(161):1-60. Elsevier BV, DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.003

🗎 ERC 2021 02

Jan-Thorsten Gräsner et al.: European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Epidemiology of cardiac arrest in Europe. Resuscitation 161:61-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.007

🗎 ERC 2021 03

Federico Semeraro et al.: European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Systems saving lives. Resuscitation 161:80-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.008

🗎 ERC 2021 04

Theresa M. Olasveengen et al.: European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Basic Life Support. Resuscitation 161:98-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.009

🗎 ERC 2021 05

Jasmeet Soar et al.: European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Adult advanced life support. Resuscitation 161:115-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.010

🗎 ERC 2021 06

Carsten Lott et al.: European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Cardiac arrest in special circumstances. Resuscitation 161:152-219, April 01, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.011

🗎 ERC 2021 07

Jerry P. Nolan et al.: European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Guidelines 2021: Post-resuscitation care. Resuscitation 161:220-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.012

🗎 ERC 2021 08

David A. Zideman et al.: European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: First aid. Resuscitation 161:270-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.013

🗎 ERC 2021 09

John Madar et al.: European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Newborn resuscitation and support of transition of infants at birth. Resuscitation 161:291-326, April 01, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.014

🗎 ERC 2021 10

Patrick Van de Voorde et al.: European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Paediatric Life Support. Resuscitation 161:327-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.015

🗎 ERC 2021 11

Robert Greif et al.: European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Education for resuscitation. Resuscitation 161:388-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.016

🗎 ERC 2021 12

Spyros D. Mentzelopoulos et al.: European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Ethics of resuscitation and end of life decisions. Resuscitation 161:408-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.017

🗎 ESC NSTEMI 2015/16

by Damman, P.; van ‚t Hof, A. W. et al.: 2015 ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: by comments from the Dutch ACS working group. Netherlands heart journal : by monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation, 2017, 25, 181-185.

🗎 Engelhard 2021

Nichtinvasives Neuromonitoring in der Anästhesie von Kristin Engelhard. Anästh Intensivmed 2021;410–416. https://doi.org/10.19224/ai2021.410

🗎 Eskesen 2016

Systematic review including re-analyses of 1148 individual data sets of central venous pressure as a predictor of fluid responsiveness by T G Eskesen. Intensive Care Med. 2016 Mar;42(3):324-332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-015-4168-4

In a re-analysis of 1148 patient data sets, specific lower and higher CVP values had some positive and negative predictive value for fluid responsiveness, respectively, but predictive values were low for all specific CVP values assessed.*

🗎 EurSafety

EurSafety Health-Net Projekt. Euregionales Netzwerk für Patientensicherheit und Infektionsschutz. Webseite. https://eursafety.eu/

🗎 Evered 2018

Recommendations for the nomenclature of cognitive change associated with anaesthesia and surgery—2018 by Evered L. et al. Br J Anaesth. 2018;121(5):1005–1012. PMID: 30336844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2017.11.087

Konsensusnomenklatur zur Unterscheidung von postoperativem Delir, verzögerter neurokognitiver Erholung bis 30 Tage und postoperativen neurokognitiven Störungen bis zwölf Monate.

🗎 Fernandez 2012

Water for wound cleansing. by R. Fernandez et al. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2012:CD003861. PMID: 22336796, DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003861.pub3

🗎 Fernandez 2022

Water for wound cleansing. by R. Fernandez et al. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2022(9):CD003861. PMID: 36103365, DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003861.pub4

Using tap water compared with no cleansing may make little or no difference to wound healing, while there are no data on wound infection. The impact of using tap water compared with saline for wound cleansing on both infection and wound healing is uncertain.

🗎 Fernando 2018

Prognostic Accuracy of the Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment for Mortality in Patients With Suspected Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis by Shannon M Fernando et al. Ann Intern Med. 2018 Feb 20;168(4):266-275. https://doi.org/10.7326/m17-2820

qSOFA had poor sensitivity and moderate specificity for short-term mortality. The SIRS criteria had sensitivity superior to that of qSOFA, supporting their use for screening of patients and as a prompt for treatment initiation.

🗎 FI AmiodaronHameln 2020

Amiodaron-hameln 50 mg / ml Konzentrat zur Herstellung einer Injektions- /Infusionslösung. by Fachinformation Dezember 2020. hameln pharma gmbh. https://aspregister.basg.gv.at/document/servlet?action=show&zulnr=138341&type=DOTC_FACH_INFO

🗎 Fieger 2011

Intraabdominelle Vakuumtherapie des offenen Abdomens – Eine retrospektive Analyse von 82 konsekutiven Patienten von Fieger, A. J. et al. Zentralblatt für Chirurgie - Zeitschrift für Allgemeine, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie 2011; 136(01): 56 - 60. DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1247376

🗎 FloTrac 2020

FloTrac Algorithm. Calculating stroke volume and cardiac output getting mL/beat from mmHg. By John A. Frazier and Feras Hatib on behalf of Edwards Lifesciences. 2020, One Edwards Way, Irvine CA 92614 USA. https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com/6239a81e-8f0f-0040-a1df-b4932a10f6ae/6b01b5e6-2399-4d7a-ac6e-31e6a8f06a73/flotracalgorithmwhitepaper.pdf

🗎 Friedrich 2005

Meta-analysis: low-dose dopamine increases urine output but does not prevent renal dysfunction or death by Jan O. Friedrich et al. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Apr 5;142(7):510-524. PMID: 15809463. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-142-7-200504050-00010

Across 61 trials involving 3,359 patients, low-dose dopamine transiently increased urine output but did not reduce mortality or the need for renal replacement therapy.

🗎 Gaither 2010

Tongue engorgement associated with prolonged use of the King-LT laryngeal tube device. by Joshua B. Gaither et al. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 2010;55(4):367–369. PMID: 19695741, DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.07.009

🗎 Genzwuerker 2007

Genzwuerker, Harald V.: Unavailability of Capnometry: A Legal Issue Anesth Analg 2007:105(4),: 1167; author reply 1169. doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000278151.76711.c1.

🗎 Gilchrist 2015

De-implementing the Allen’s Test by Ian C Gilchrist and Sunil V Rao. J Invasive Cardiol. 2015 May;27(5):E74. https://www.hmpgloballearningnetwork.com/site/jic/articles/de-implementing-allens-test

Early pioneers of transradial procedures used collateral testing out of an abundance of caution to eliminate or reduce potential risks as they explored a new approach to catheterization. It is now clear that collateral testing for triage decisions regarding access site is not helpful and likely will prevent patients who can benefit from radial access from undergoing a safer procedure. While there is still a role for collateral testing in some circumstances for periprocedural management, the use of collateral testing to primarily exclude the use of radial access can be “de-implemented” as it has no scientific support and is not predictive of hand or digital ischemia.*

🗎 Goerg 2018

Assoziation zwischen sozio-ökonomischem Status und Mortalität bei PatientInnen mit ST-Hebungsinfarkt von Simon Görg. Thesis (Diplom). June 2018, Medizinische Universität Wien. URN: urn:nbn:at:at-ubmuw:1-14568. https://resolver.obvsg.at/urn:nbn:at:at-ubmuw:1-14568

🗎 Gosselin 2016

Evidence-based recommendations on the use of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy in poisoning by Sophie Gosselin et al. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2016 Dec;54(10):899-923. PMID: 27608281. DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1214275

The expert workgroup recommended intravenous lipid emulsion for cardiac arrest caused by bupivacaine toxicity. For other local anesthetics, including lidocaine, the recommendations were less definitive because of insufficient clinical evidence.

🗎 Franz 2012

Aseptic tissue necrosis and chronic inflammation after irrigation of penetrating hand wounds using Octenisept®. by T. Franz et al. The Journal of hand surgery, European volume, 2012(37):61-64. PMID: 21816890, DOI: 10.1177/1753193411414353

🗎 Gosselin 2018

International Council for Standardization in Haematology ( ICSH ) Recommendations for Laboratory Measurement of Direct Oral Anticoagulants. by Gosselin RC et al. Thromb Haemost. 2018;118:437-450

🗎 Greimel 2021

Fast-Track in der Hüft- und Kniegelenkendoprothetik von Greimel, F.et al. Orthopäde 50, 333–343 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-021-04071-2

In der Kniegelenkendoprothetik sind derzeit Schmerzkatheterverfahren weit verbreitet […]. Insbesondere bei der prolongierten Verwendung bestehen jedoch wegen der reduzierten sensomotorischen Funktion deutliche Einschränkungen in der Mobilisierbarkeit mit erhöhtem Sturzrisiko […], und sie sind daher im Rahmen von Fast-Track-Konzepten nicht anzuraten.

🗎 Grenvik 1972

Impedance pneumography. Comparison between chest impedance changes and respiratory volumines in 11 healthy volunteers. by Grenvik A, Ballou S, McGinley E, Millen JE, Cooley WL, Safar P. Chest. 1972 Oct;62(4):439-43. doi: 10.1378/chest.62.4.439. PMID: 5077999.

🗎 Grmec 2002

Comparison of Three Different Methods to Confirm Tracheal Tube Placement in Emergency Intubation by Grmec, Stefek. Intensive Care Med 2002:28(6), 701–4. doi:10.1007/s00134-002-1290-x.

🗎 Guerri 2009

Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and Alterations in Brain and Behaviour by Guerri, Consuelo, Alissa Bazinet and Edward P Riley. Alcohol Alcohol 2009:44(2), 108–14. doi:10.1093/alcalc/agn105.

🗎 Gu 2019

Use of gastrografin in the management of faecal impaction in patients with severe chronic constipation: a randomized clinical trial by Lili Gu et al. ANZ J Surg. 2019 Mar;89(3):239-243. doi: 10.1111/ans.14863. Epub 2018 Oct 8. PMID: 30294848.

Gastrografin given through nasointestinal tube was more effective than enema in the treatment of FI inducing colon obstruction. Gastrografin might be taken into consideration as an effective and safe therapeutic option for FI.

🗎 Hahn 2013

Guidelines for performing a comprehensive transesophageal echocardiographic examination: recommendations from the American Society of Echocardiography and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists by Hahn, R. T. et al. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography, 2013, 26, 921-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2013.07.009

🗎 Hansak 2012 07

by Hansak, Peter, Klaus Pesenbacher, Peter Baumgartner und Haris Begovic. 2012. Lachgas Im Rettungsdienst: by Ergebnisse Eines Pilotprojekts. Rettungsdienst – Zeitschrift Für Präklinische Notfallmedizin 35 (7): 50–56.

🗎 Hauser 2018

Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE): contra-indications, complications and safety of perioperative TOE by N. D. Hauser et al. Echo Res Pract, 2018(5):R101-R113. PMID: 30303686, DOI: 10.1530/ERP-18-0047

🗎 Havel 2007

Quality of closed chest compression in ambulance vehicles, flying helicopters and at the scene. by C. Havel et al. Resuscitation, 2007(73):264-270. PMID: 17276575, DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.09.007

Compared to resuscitation at the scene, efficiency of chest compressions during a helicopter flight was 86% and 95% in the moving ambulance 95%. There were no differences in secondary outcomes (time without chest compression, total number of incorrect hand position relative to total compressions, and total number of incorrect pressure release relative to total compressions). Resuscitation during transport is feasible and relatively efficient.

🗎 Hemphill 2019

Propofol infusion syndrome: a structured literature review and analysis of published case reports by Scott Hemphill et al. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 122 (4): 448—459 (2019). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2018.12.025

🗎 Heringlake 2021

Klinischer Stellenwert der Zerebraloxymetrie mithilfe der NIRS 2.0 von Matthias Heringlake et al. Der Anaesthesist. 2021;70:187–189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-020-00903-6

🗎 Herwanto 2019

Accuracy of Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score to Predict Sepsis Mortality in 121 Studies Including 1,716,017 Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Velma Herwanto et al. Crit Care Explor. 2019 Sep 17;1(9):e0043. doi: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000043. eCollection 2019 Sep. https://doi.org/10.1097/cce.0000000000000043

Overall, quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score outperforms systemic inflammatory response syndrome in predicting sepsis outcome, but quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score has relative strengths/weaknesses (more specific but less sensitive) compared with systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

🗎 Hoegberg 2016

Systematic review of the effect of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy for local anesthetic toxicity by Lotte C. G. Hoegberg et al. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2016 Mar;54(3):167-193. PMID: 26853119. DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1121270

Intravenous lipid emulsion therapy is supported primarily by animal experiments and human case reports. The quality of clinical evidence remains very low, and the optimal dosing regimen has not been established by controlled clinical trials.

🗎 Hulde 2017

Volumenersatzlösungen von Nikolai Hulde, Michaela Schwarz und Markus Rehm in: Die Anästhesiologie. Herausgegeben von Rolf Rossaint, Christian Werner, Bernhard Zwißler. Publiziert am 12.05.2017. Springer e.Medpedia. https://www.springermedizin.de/emedpedia/die-anaesthesiologie/volumenersatzloesungen?epediaDoi=10.1007%2F978-3-662-45539-5_26

🗎 Hussain 2023

Analgesic Effectiveness of Motor-sparing Nerve Blocks for Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Network Meta-analysis by Hussain N et al. Anesthesiology. 2023 Oct 1;139(4):444-461. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000004667. PMID: 37364292.

The results suggest that continuous ACB, but not single-injection ACB and/or single-injection block at the iPACK, provides statistically superior analgesia when added to LIA for total knee arthroplasty compared to LIA alone. However, the magnitude of these additional analgesic benefits is clinically questionable.

🗎 Hülsemann 2009

[Severe side effects after Octenisept irrigation of penetrating wounds in children]. by W. Hülsemann et al. Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, plastische Chirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Handchirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Mikrochirurgie der Peripheren Nerven und Gefasse : Organ der V…, 2009(41):277-282. PMID: 19790020, DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1238282

Zur Verhinderung von Folgeschäden sollten kontaminierte tiefe Wunden an der Hand operativ debridiert und nicht mit dem Antiseptikum Octenisept® gespült werden. Octensept® scheint in nicht abgegrenztem Gewebe® irritativ-toxisch zu wirken. Durch langsamen Abbau verbleibt es lange im Interstitium.

🗎 Ibanez 2017

2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). by Ibanez, B.; James, S.; Agewall, S. et al. European heart journal, 2017. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393

🗎 Ibanez 2018

2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). by Ibanez, B.; James, S. et al. European heart journal, 2018, 39, 119-177.

🗎 IBCC

The Internet Book of Critical Care (IBCC). Josh Farkas: https://emcrit.org/ibcc/toc/

🗎 IGV 2010

by IGV Industriegaseverband e. V. Informationen Zur Euro-Norm Din En 1089-3. Farbkennzeichnung von Gasflaschen in Deutschland. 2010, online: http://www.industriegaseverband.de/igv/weitereigv/igvfarb.pdf.

🗎 Ince 2005

The microcirculation is the motor of sepsis by Can Ince. Critical Care. 2005;9:S13. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc3753

🗎 Jemmett 2003

Unrecognized misplacement of endotracheal tubes in a mixed urban to rural emergency medical services setting. by Michael E. Jemmett et al. Acad Emerg Med 2003:10(9), 961—965.

🗎 Jones 1973

Recognition of the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Early Infancy. by Jones, K. L. and D. W. Smith. Lancet 1973:302(7836), 999–1001.

🗎 Jones 2004

Emergency Physician-Verified Out-of-Hospital Intubation: by Miss Rates by Paramedics. by Jones, James H., Michael P. Murphy, Robert L. Dickson, Geoff G. Somerville and Edward J. Brizendine. Acad Emerg Med 2004:11(6), 707–9.

🗎 Juurlink 2005

Hyperbaric oxygen for carbon monoxide poisoning. by D. N. Juurlink et al. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2005:CD002041. PMID: 15674890, DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002041.pub2

Of these six trials, four found no benefit of HBO for the reduction of neurologic sequelae, while two others did. Although pooled analysis does not suggest a benefit from HBOT (OR for neurological deficits 0.78, 95%CI 0.54 to 1.12, p=0.18), significant methodologic and statistical heterogeneity was apparent among the trials, and this result should be interpreted cautiously. […] Existing randomized trials do not establish whether the administration of HBO to patients with carbon monoxide poisoning reduces the incidence of adverse neurologic outcomes.

🗎 Kalla 2006

Implementation of guidelines improves the standard of care: the Viennese registry on reperfusion strategies in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (Vienna STEMI registry). by K. Kalla et al. Circulation, 2006(113):2398-2405. PMID: 16702474, DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.586198

🗎 Kamolz 2009

Verbrennungen: Diagnose, Therapie und Rehabilitation des thermischen Traumas. by Kamolz, Lars-Peter, David N. Herndon und Marc G. Jeschke. 1. Auflage,2009. Springer, Wien.

🗎 Kaplan 2001

Start with a Subjective Assessment of Skin Temperature to Identify Hypoperfusion in Intensive Care Unit Patients. by Kaplan, L. J., K. McPartland, T. A. Santora and S. Z. Trooskin. J Trauma 2001:50(4), 620–7, discussion 627–8.

🗎 Karutz 2009

Wenn die Belastungsgrenze erreicht ist: Psychologische Selbsthilfe in Extremsituationen by H. Karutz Rettungsdienst, 2009(32)12:1172–7.

🗎 Katz 2001

Misplaced endotracheal tubes by paramedics in an urban emergency medical services system. by S. H. Katz et al. Annals of emergency medicine, 2001(37):32-37. PMID: 11145768, DOI: 10.1067/mem.2001.112098

🗎 Kheterpal 2006

Incidence and predictors of difficult and impossible mask ventilation by Sachin Kheterpal et al. Anesthesiology. 2006 Nov;105(5):885-91. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200611000-00007

During a 24-month period, 22,660 attempts at MV were recorded. 313 cases (1.4%) of grade 3 MV, 37 cases (0.16%) of grade 4 MV, and 84 cases (0.37%) of grade 3 or 4 MV and difficult intubation were observed.

🗎 Kheterpal 2013

Incidence, predictors, and outcome of difficult mask ventilation combined with difficult laryngoscopy: a report from the multicenter perioperative outcomes group by Sachin Kheterpal et al. Anesthesiology. 2013 Dec;119(6):1360-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000435832.39353.20

Six hundred ninety-eight patients experienced the primary outcome, an overall incidence of 0.40%.

🗎 Kim 2019

Effect of endotracheal intubation and supraglottic airway device placement during cardiopulmonary resuscitation on carotid blood flow over resuscitation time: An experimental porcine cardiac arrest study by Tae Han Kim. Resuscitation 2019 Jun;139:269-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.04.020

SGD placement was associated with decreased carotid blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in an experimental porcine model. As time passed during prolonged resuscitation, reduction in CBF was aggravated after the transition to SGD placement compared to the reduction after the transition to ETI.*

🗎 Kluger 2020

Tattoo and epidural analgesia: Rise and fall of a myth by Nicolas Kluger and Jean-Christian Sleth. Presse Med 2020 Dec;49(4):104050. PMID: 32768613. DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2020.104050.

🗎 Koppensteiner 2012 08

Lachgas im Rettungsdienst: Die rechtlichen Aspekte by S. Koppensteiner Rettungsdienst, 2012(35:8)

🗎 Kotani 2023

Etomidate as an induction agent for endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients: A meta-analysis of randomized trials by Yuki Kotani et al. J Crit Care. 2023 Oct:77:154317. PMID: 37127020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154317

This meta-analysis found a high probability that etomidate increases mortality when used as an induction agent in critically ill patients with a number needed to harm of 31.

🗎 Kucera 2010

Schlampigkeit Kostet. by Kucera, Mrtin. Kma Das Gesundheitswirtschaftsmagazin 2010:15(2), 56–59.

🗎 Kuehn 2002 1

EKG-Fortbildung. by Kühn, P. Bd. 1. 2002. Verlag Wilhelm Maudrich.

🗎 Kuehn 2003 2

EKG-Fortbildung. by Kühn, P. Bd. 2. 2003. Verlag Wilhelm Maudrich.

🗎 Kuester 1915

Geschichte Der Neueren Deutschen Chirurgie. by Küster, Ernst Vol. 15. Neue Deutsche Chirurgie. 1915. Verlag von Ferdinand Enke in Stuttgart. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/39529.

🗎 Langeron 2000

Prediction of difficult mask ventilation by O. Langeron et al. Anesthesiology. 2000 May;92(5):1229-36. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200005000-00009

🗎 Larsen 1984

Impedance pneumography for long-term monitoring of respiration during sleep in adult males. by Larsen VH, Christensen PH, Oxhøj H, Brask T. Clin Physiol. 1984 Aug;4(4):333-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-097x.1984.tb00808.x. PMID: 6540645.

🗎 Lazarus 1984

Stress, Appraisal and Coping. by Lazarus, R.S. and S. Folkman (HG.). 1984

Six hundred ninety-eight patients experienced the primary outcome, an overall incidence of 0.40%.

🗎 Lecky 2008

Emergency Intubation for Acutely Ill and Injured Patients. by Lecky, F., D. Bryden, R. Little, N. Tong and C. Moulton. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD001429, 2008. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001429.pub2.

🗎 Lee 1999

Derivation and Prospective Validation of a Simple Index for Prediction of Cardiac Risk of Major Noncardiac Surgery by Thomas H. Lee et al. Circulation. 1999;100:1043–1049. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.100.10.1043

In stable patients undergoing nonurgent major noncardiac surgery, this index can identify patients at higher risk for complications. This index may be useful for identification of candidates for further risk stratification with noninvasive technologies or other management strategies, as well as low-risk patients in whom additional evaluation is unlikely to be helpful.

🗎 Lewis 2025

A Focused Update to the Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Pain, Anxiety, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption in Adult Patients in the ICU by Lewis K. et al. Crit Care Med. 2025;53(3):e711–e727. PMID: 39982143 DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000006574

Fokussiertes PADIS-Update mit bedingten Empfehlungen zu Dexmedetomidin, Mobilisierung und Melatonin; für den Einsatz von Antipsychotika zur Delirtherapie konnte weder eine positive noch eine negative Empfehlung ausgesprochen werden.

🗎 Liu 2020

Comparison of Early Warning Scoring Systems for Hospitalized Patients With and Without Infection at Risk for In-Hospital Mortality and Transfer to the Intensive Care Unit by Vincent X Liu et al. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 May 1;3(5):e205191. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.5191

🗎 Loennecker 2001

[Hypothermia in Patients with Burn Injuries: Influence of Prehospital Treatment] by Lönnecker, S. and V. Schoder. Chirurg 2001:72(2), 164–67.

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Field intubation of cardiac arrest patients: by a dying art? by Richard M. Lyon et al. Emerg Med J 2010:27(4) 321–323. DOI: by 10.1136/emj.2009.076737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.2009.076737.

🗎 Maniotis 2015

Transradial Approach for Cardiac Catheterization in Patients With Negative Allen’s Test by Christos Maniotis et al. J Invasive Cardiol. 2015 Sep;27(9):416-20. PMID: 26121707.

Transradial approach for coronary angiography and ad hoc angioplasty can be performed with similar efficacy and safety regardless of the Allen’s test results before the procedure.

🗎 Mann 2013

Supraglottic Airway Devices in Emergency Medicine: Impact of Gastric Drainage by Mann, V., S. T. Mann, E. Alejandre-Lafont, R. Röhrig, M. A. Weigand, and M. Müller. Anaesthesist 2013:62(4), 285–92. doi:10.1007/s00101-013-2154-1.

🗎 Marik 2008

Does central venous pressure predict fluid responsiveness? A systematic review of the literature and the tale of seven mares by Paul E Marik et al. Chest. 2008:134(1), 172-8. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.07-2331

This systematic review demonstrated a very poor relationship between CVP and blood volume as well as the inability of CVP/DeltaCVP to predict the hemodynamic response to a fluid challenge. CVP should not be used to make clinical decisions regarding fluid management.

🗎 Marik 2013

Does the central venous pressure predict fluid responsiveness? An updated meta-analysis and a plea for some common sense by Paul E Marik and Rodrigo Cavallazzi. Crit Care Med. 2013 Jul;41(7):1774-81. https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0b013e31828a25fd

Conclusions: There are no data to support the widespread practice of using central venous pressure to guide fluid therapy. This approach to fluid resuscitation should be abandoned.

🗎 Marqué 2013

Cardiac output monitoring in septic shock: evaluation of the third-generation Flotrac-Vigileo by Sophie Marqué et al. J Clin Monit Comput. 2013 Jun;27(3):273-9. PMID: 23361128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-013-9431-z

In our study, third-generation Flowtrac-Vigileo appears to be too inaccurate to be recommended for CI monitoring in septic shock.

🗎 Maslach 1982

Burnout. the Cost of Caring. by Maslach, C., ed. 1982. Prentice-Hall.

🗎 Mayr 2019

Flächendeckende 7/24 Infarktversorgung in Niederösterreich (Mostviertel, Waldviertel, Zentralraum) seit 2005 - Ergebnisse einer strukturierten, einheitlichen präklinischen Versorgung von Harald Mayr. 2019. Online: https://www.karl-landsteiner.at/pdf/LT/2019 Mayr.pdf

🗎 Marquardt 2010

by C. Marquardt et al. Evaluation of the tissue toxicity of antiseptics by the hen’s egg test on the chorioallantoic membrane (hetcam). Eur J Med Res 15(5):204–209, May 2010.

🗎 McGee 2003

Preventing complications of central venous catheterization by David C McGee and Michael K Gould. N Engl J Med. 2003 Mar 20;348(12):1123-33. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra011883.

More than 15 percent of patients who receive these catheters have complications.

🗎 Mende 2017

Thoraxdrainage – Schritt für Schritt von Mende Ludger et al. Intensivmedizin up2date 2017; 13: 17–22

🗎 Meron 2004

Non-Traumatic Aortic Dissection or Rupture as Cause of Cardiac Arrest: by Presentation and Outcome. by Meron, Giora, Istepan Kürkciyan, Fritz Sterz, Karin Tobler, Heidrun Losert, Roland Sedivy, Anton N Laggner and Hans Domanovits. Resuscitation 2004:60 (2), 143–50. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2003.10.005.

🗎 Moerman 2010

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring in contemporary anesthesia and critical care by A. Moerman et al. Acta Anaesthesiologica Belgica. 2010;61:185–194.

🗎 Morris 2005

Etomidate for emergency anaesthesia; mad, bad and dangerous to know? by Morris, C; McAllister, C. Anaesthesia. 2005:60 (8), 737–740. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2005.04325.x.

🗎 Mullens 2009

Importance of venous congestion for worsening of renal function in advanced decompensated heart failure by Wilfried Mullens et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 Feb 17;53(7):589-596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.05.068

… Furthermore, the ability of CVP to stratify risk for development of WRF was apparent across the spectrum of systemic blood pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac index, and estimated glomerular filtration rates.

  … Venous congestion is the most important hemodynamic factor driving WRF in decompensated

🗎 Mullens 2022

Acetazolamide in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Volume Overload. By Mullens, W. et al. N Engl J Med 2022, 387 (13), 1185–1195. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2203094

Bei akuter dekompensierter Herzinsuffizienz mit Volumenüberladung verbesserte Acetazolamid 500 mg i.v. einmal täglich zusätzlich zu intravenösen Schleifendiuretika die frühe Entstauung.

🗎 Muller 2025

Deferring Arterial Catheterization in Critically Ill Patients with Shock by Grégoire Muller et al. N Engl J Med. 2025 Nov 13;393(19):1875-1888. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2502136. Epub 2025 Oct 29.

Among patients with shock, results for death from any cause at day 28 indicated that management without early arterial catheter insertion was noninferior to early catheter insertion.

🗎 Neal 2021

American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity checklist: 2020 version by Joseph M. Neal et al. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2021 Jan;46(1):81-82. PMID: 33148630. DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2020-101986

The ASRA checklist provides a standardized treatment algorithm for local anesthetic systemic toxicity, including early administration of 20% intravenous lipid emulsion, repeat boluses and increased infusion rates for persistent cardiovascular instability, and an approximate maximum dose of 12 mL/kg.

🗎 Nilsson 1997

Ein Kind Entsteht. by Lennart Nilsson und Lars Hamberger. 1997. Mosaik.

🗎 Nolan 2001

Prehospital and Resuscitative Airway Care: by Should the Gold Standard Be Reassessed? by Nolan, J. D. 2001. Curr Opin Crit Care 7 (6), 413–21.

🗎 Nolan 2008

by Nolan, Jerry P and Jasmeet Soar. Airway Techniques and Ventilation Strategies Curr Opin Crit Care 2008:14(3). Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK. mailto:Jerry.nolan@ruh.nhs.uk: by 279–86. doi:10.1097/MCC.0b013e3282f85bc8.

🗎 Oh 2022

Comparison between Fourth-Generation FloTrac/Vigileo System and Continuous Thermodilution Technique for Cardiac Output Estimation after Time Adjustment during Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study by Chahyun Oh et al. J Clin Med. 2022 Oct 16;11(20):6093. PMID: 36294414. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11206093

In conclusion, despite the time adjustments, the estimation of CO using the FloTrac/Vigileo system showed non-negligible overestimation (mean bias –0.94 L/min), clinically unacceptable precision (percentage error 66.1%), and poor trending ability compared with the continuous thermodilution technique as a reference during OPCAB surgery.

🗎 Pelucio 1997

Out-of-hospital experience with the syringe esophageal detector device. by M. Pelucio et al. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 1997(4):563-568. PMID: 9189188, DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1997.tb03579.x

In this paramedic field study, the EDD demonstrated poor sensitivity for esophageal intubations.

🗎 Petersen 2014

Sidestream dark field images of the microcirculation: intra-observer reliability and correlation between two semi-quantitative methods for determining flow. by Sandra M Petersen et al. BMC Medical Imaging. 2014;14:14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2342-14-14

🗎 Rajabaleyan 2022

Vacuum-assisted closure versus on-demand relaparotomy in patients with secondary peritonitis-the VACOR trial: protocol for a randomised controlled trial. by Rajabaleyan P et al.: VACOR study group. World J Emerg Surg. 2022 May 26;17(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s13017-022-00427-x. PMID: 35619144; PMCID: PMC9137120. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9137120/

🗎 RAMPART 2011

RAMPART (Rapid Anticonvulsant Medication Prior to Arrival Trial): A double‐blind randomized clinical trial of the efficacy of intramuscular midazolam versus intravenous lorazepam in the prehospital treatment of status epilepticus by paramedics. By Silbergleit R et al. Epilepsia 2011; 52: 45–7.

🗎 Reeves 2013

Basic perioperative transesophageal echocardiography examination: a consensus statement of the American Society of Echocardiography and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists. By Reeves, S. T. et al. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography, 2013, 26, 443-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2013.02.015

🗎 Ring 1977

Incidence and severity of anaphylactoid reactions to colloid volume substitutes. by Ring, J. and Messmer, K. Lancet. 1977 Feb 26;1(8009):466-9. doi: by 10.1016/s0140-6736(77)91953-5.

🗎 Rivers 2001

Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock by E Rivers et al. N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 8;345(19):1368-77. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa010307

🗎 Roberts 2009

Russel J Roberts et al.: Incidence of propofol-related infusion syndrome in critically ill adults: a prospective, multicenter study. Crit Care. 2009; 13(5): R169. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2784401/

🗎 Rodrigues 2019

Continuous peritoneal lavage with vacuum peritoneostomy: an experimental study by Rodrigues ACet al. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2019;74:e937. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2019/e937. Epub 2019 Jul 10. PMID: 31291390; PMCID: PMC6607936. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6607936/

Continuous peritoneal lavage with PDS associated with vacuum peritoneostomy is technically feasible and maintains physiological parameters within the normal range. Thus, clinical studies should be conducted to evaluate the use of this technique in the treatment of diffuse peritonitis.

🗎 ROSE 2019

Early Neuromuscular Blockade in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PETAL Clinical Trials Network. New England Journal of Medicine. 2019;380:1997–2008. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1901686

🗎 Rybak 2020

Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin for serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: A revised consensus guideline and review by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists by Michael J Rybak et al. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 2020;77:835–864. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxaa036

🗎 Sandroni 2008

Myocardial Stunning After Successful Defibrillation. by Sandroni, Claudio, Tommaso Sanna, Fabio Cavallaro and Anselmo Caricato. Resuscitation 2008:76(1), 3–4. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.06.020.

🗎 Schalk 2010

Out-of-Hospital Airway Management by Paramedics and Emergency Physicians Using Laryngeal Tubes. by Schalk, Richard, Christian Byhahn, Felix Fausel, Andreas Egner, Dieter Oberndörfer, Felix Walcher and Leo Latasch. Resuscitation 2010:81(3), 323–26. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2009.11.007.

🗎 Scheid 2022

Atopie, Allergie und Allergene im perioperativen Kontext. Von Scheid S. Anästh Intensivmed 2022;63:422–432. DOI: 10.19224/ai2022.422

🗎 Schupp 2009

Persistent subcutaneous oedema and aseptic fatty tissue necrosis after using octenisept. by C. J. Schupp and S. Holland-Cunz. Eur J Pediatr Surg 19(3):179–183, Jun 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1216379. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1216379.

🗎 Segal 2012

Impairment of carotid artery blood flow by supraglottic airway use in a swine model of cardiac arrest. by Nicolas Segal et al. Resuscitation, 2012;83(8):1025–1030. PMID: 22465807, DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.03.025

The use of 3 different SGDs during CPR significantly decreased CBF in a porcine model of cardiac arrest.

🗎 Sepsis-3

The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) by Mervyn Singer et al. JAMA. 2016 Feb 23;315(8):801-10. PMID: 26903338. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.0287

🗎 Serafim 2018

A Comparison of the Quick-SOFA and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Criteria for the Diagnosis of Sepsis and Prediction of Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Rodrigo Serafim et al. Chest. 2018 Mar;153(3):646-655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2017.12.015

The SIRS was significantly superior to the qSOFA for sepsis diagnosis, and the qSOFA was slightly better than the SIRS in predicting hospital mortality. The association of both criteria could provide a better model to initiate or escalate therapy in patients with sepsis.

🗎 Seto 2003

Effectiveness of Precautions Against Droplets and Contact in Prevention of Nosocomial Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars). by Seto, W. H., D. Tsang, R. W H Yung, T. Y. Ching, T. K. Ng, M. Ho, L. M. Ho, J. S M Peiris and Advisors of Expert SARS group of Hospital Authority. Lancet 2003:361(9368), 1519–20.

🗎 Shah 2015

Allen’s test: does it have any significance in current practice? By Ashish H Shah et al. J Invasice Cardiol 2015;27(5):E70-E73. https://www.hmpgloballearningnetwork.com/site/jic/articles/allens-test-does-it-have-any-significance-current-practice

Randomized trials of TRA-PCI have excluded patients with abnormal Allen’s tests, whereas routine practice includes a large number of such patients. High-volume transradial centers in the United Kingdom and other countries document the extremely low, almost unheard of, incidence of hand ischemia after TRA cardiac catheterization33-35 without prior AT. Observations from the congenital heart disease and vascular surgery spheres lead us to conclude that AT is a misleading and inaccurate test of collateral blood supply to the hand. In our opinion, the case for its routine use is flawed.

🗎 Shankar-Hari 2016

Developing a New Definition and Assessing New Clinical Criteria for Septic Shock: For the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) by Manu Shankar-Hari et al. JAMA. 2016 Feb 23;315(8):775-87. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.0289

Based on a consensus process using results from a systematic review, surveys, and cohort studies, septic shock is defined as a subset of sepsis in which underlying circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities are associated with a greater risk of mortality than sepsis alone. Adult patients with septic shock can be identified using the clinical criteria of hypotension requiring vasopressor therapy to maintain mean BP 65 mm Hg or greater and having a serum lactate level greater than 2 mmol/L after adequate fluid resuscitation.

🗎 Shanmukhappa 2022

Venous Oxygen Saturation by Sanjana Chetana Shanmukhappa and Srivatsa Lokeshwaran. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan. PMID: 33232065. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564395/

🗎 Shea 1975

Pressure Sores: by Classification and Management. by Shea, JB. 1975. Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research, no. 112 (October): 89–100.

🗎 Skhirtladze 2010

by Skhirtladze, Keso, Bruno Mora, Andrea Moritz, Beatrice Birkenberg, Hendrik Jan Ankersmit and Martin Dworschak. Impaired Recovery of Cardiac Output and Mean Arterial Pressure After Successful Defibrillation in Patients with Low Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction. Resuscitation 2010:81 (9). doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.06.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.06.004

🗎 SIRS 2023

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome by Rebanta K. Chakraborty and Bracken Burns. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan. 2023 Feb 15. PMID: 31613449. Bookshelf ID: NBK547669.

🗎 Smyrniotis 2004

Vassilios Smyrniotis et al.: The role of central venous pressure and type of vascular control in blood loss during major liver resections. Am J Surg. 2004 Mar;187(3):398-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2003.12.001

Elevated CVP during major liver resections results in greater blood loss and a longer hospital stay. The Pringle maneuver with CVP 5 mm Hg or less is associated with blood loss not significantly different from that with SHVE. The latter, though, has been shown not to be affected by CVP levels and should be used whenever CVP remains high despite adequate anesthetic management.

🗎 Sommerfield 2019

Propofol Use in Children with Allergies to Egg, Peanut, Soybean or Other Legumes. By Sommerfield, D. L. et al. 2019. Anaesthesia 74(10):1252–59. doi:10.1111/anae.14693.

🗎 StatPearls CLP

Central Line Placement by Audrey Tse and Michael A. Schick. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Dec 21. PMID: 29262231. Bookshelf ID: NBK470286

🗎 Steinert 2008

by Steinert, Yvonne. The ‘Problem’ Junior: by Whose Problem Is It? BMJ 2008:336 (7636): by 150–53. doi:10.1136/bmj.39308.610081.AD https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39308.610081.AD>

🗎 Stick 1981

Transthorakale Impedanzmessungen. von Stick, C. Europ. J. Appl. Physiol. 46, 199–210 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00428871

🗎 Stiell 2004

Advanced Cardiac Life Support in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest by Stiell, Ian G et al. N Engl J Med 2004:351(7), 647—56.

🗎 Stiell 2008

The Opals Major Trauma Study: by Impact of Advanced Life-Support on Survival and Morbidity. by Stiell, Ian G et al. CMAJ 2008:178 (9), 1141—52. doi:10.1503/cmaj.071154.

🗎 Su 2012

Cardiac Output Derived From Arterial Pressure Waveform Analysis in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation: Validity of a Third-Generation Device by B C Su et al. Transplant Proc. 2012 Mar;44(2):424-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.12.036

Despite a software upgrade, the effectiveness of the FloTrac artery-derived cardiac output monitor for CO measurement during liver transplantation remains limited.

🗎 Subbe 2001

Validation of a modified Early Warning Score in medical admissions by C P Subbe et al. QJM. 2001 Oct;94(10):521-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/94.10.521

🗎 Suda 2017

Subxiphoid thymectomy: single-port, dual-port, and robot-assisted. by Suda T. J Vis Surg. 2017 May 26;3:75. PMID: 29078638; PMCID: PMC5637480. DOI: 10.21037/jovs.2017.05.07.

🗎 Sulzgruber 2018

The impact of airway strategy on the patient outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A propensity score matched analysis. by P. Sulzgruber et al. European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care, 2018;7(5):423–431. PMID: 28948850, DOI: 10.1177/2048872617731894

We found that the use of a laryngeal tube for airway management in cardiac arrest was significantly associated with poor 30-day survival rates and unfavourable neurological outcome. A primary endotracheal airway management needs to be considered at the scene, or an earliest possible secondary endotracheal intubation during both pre-hospital and in-hospital post-return of spontaneous circulation critical care seems crucial and most beneficial for the patient outcome.

🗎 Supady 2009

by Supady, A., T. Schwab and H-J. Busch. 2009. [“’‘Liquid Ecstasy”’: Gamma-Butyrolactone Withdrawal Delirium with Rhabdomyolysis and Dialysis Dependent Renal Failure]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 134 (18). Medizin III - Kardiologie und Angiologie Universitätsklinikum Freiburg. mailto:Alexander.Supady@uniklinik-freiburg.de: by 935–37. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1220252.

🗎 Suppan 2022

The Importance of Acknowledging an Intermediate Category of Airway Management Devices in the Prehospital Setting Laurent Suppan Healthcare (Basel) 2022 May 23;10(5):961. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10050961

Prehospital airway devices are often classified as either basic or advanced, with this latter category including both supraglottic airway (SGA) devices and instruments designed to perform endotracheal intubation (ETI). Therefore, many authors analyze the impact of SGA and ETI devices jointly. … Nevertheless, SGA devices might be particularly useful in the prehospital setting where many providers are not experienced enough to safely perform ETI. Compared to basic airway management (bag-valve-mask) devices, SGA devices enable better oxygenation, decrease the odds of aspiration, and allow for more reliable capnometric measurement by virtue of their enhanced airtightness. For all these reasons, we strongly believe that SGA devices should be categorized as “intermediate airway management devices” and be systematically analyzed separately from devices designed to perform ETI.

🗎 SurvSepsisCpg 2012

Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock, 2012 by R. P. Dellinger et al. & The Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines Committee. Intensive Care Med 39, 165–228 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-012-2769-8

🗎 Sznajder 1986

Central vein catheterization. Failure and complication rates by three percutaneous approaches by J I Sznajder et al. Arch Intern Med 1986 Feb;146(2):259-61. PMID: 3947185. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.146.2.259.

Overall failure rate was 10.1% for the experienced group and 19.4% for the inexperienced. The complication was 5.4% for experienced and 11% for inexperienced. Among inexperienced physicians, the success rate was 86.7% and the complication rate 7.6% in unconscious patients, whereas in conscious patients these rates were 70.5% and 13.8%, respectively. The inexperienced physicians caused fewer complications in mechanically ventilated than in spontaneously breathing patients.

🗎 Taccone 2010

Cerebral microcirculation is impaired during sepsis: an experimental study by Fabio Silvio Taccone et al. Critical Care. 2010;14:R140. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc9205

🗎 Thierbach 2004

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IV-TXA at 10 mg / kg significantly reduced blood loss and mitigated the decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit after THA, but it did not significantly reduce the need for transfusions. In contrast, a dose of 15 mg / kg reduced both bleeding and transfusion requirements. Our results argue for a dose of 15 mg / kg when using single-dose IV-TXA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level I.

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Lipid infusion increased the dose of bupivacaine required to produce asystole in rats and provided early experimental evidence supporting lipid-based resuscitation.

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Early administration of tranexamic acid reduced death due to bleeding in women with postpartum haemorrhage, particularly when administered within 3 hours of giving birth.

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